The reforms held by Sultan Mahmud I were accumulated mostly in the military issues. Kont Do Bonnevale, a French nobleman, converted to Islam and took the name Humbaraci Ahmed Pasha made many reforms. Ahmed Pasha reorganised the artillery and bombardier corps. He established the Engineer Troops and trained modern educated officers for the Ottoman Army. By these reforms of Ahmed Pasha the Ottomans defeated Russia. Moreover, Sultan Mahmud continued the cultural reforms started in the Tulip Period