When Sultan Ahmed I was ascended the empire was in war with Austria. The Ottoman forces were advancing through Budapest from Belgrade. The castles of Pest and Hatvan were captured bloodlessly (September 1604). The castle of Vac was captured in October 16, 1604. With the command of Sultan Ahmed I the Ottoman army walked through Budapest and besieged the castle of Estergon in August 29, 1605. In October 3, 1605 the castle was captured.

Both the Ottomans and the Austrians were in economic and politic attrition. And they decided to sign a peace treaty. The Zitvatoruk treaty was signed in November 11, 1606. The castles of Egri, Estergon, Kanije were given to the Ottomans, the castles of Rop and Koman were given to the Austrians. Austria would pay Ottomans 70.000.000 gold of compensation. The Ottoman Sultan would call the Austrian sovereign as the Emperor of Rome (Caesar) and two sovereigns would send gifts to each other in every three years. With this treaty the Ottoman supremacy on Austria began to be declined.