He was born in Istanbul, in 1853. He had worked in Paris, Berlin, Petersburg and London embassies. He resigned form his membership in the State council as he had not been appointed as the London Ambassador. In 1919, he replaced grand vizier Tevfik Pasha. He was the Minister of the International Affairs at the same time. He had resigned twice one in the occupation of Izmir (Symirna) and the other was after the Paris Conference. The fugitive members of the Committee of Union and Progress were sentenced to death with his pressure. On 21^st July 1919, he re-established the cabinet and organised an army called “Kuvay-i Inzibatiye” (Military Policemen) against the “Kuvay-i Milliye” (National Forces). He was forced to resign with the reactions raised from Anatolia. On 5^th October 1920, he was appointed as the grand vizier for the fourth time. He resigned on 11^th April 1920, in order to renovate the cabinet. His rank was given back on 31^st July and he signed the Seuree Treaty. However, he resigned on 17^th October with British pressure as he hindered the reconciliation with the Grand Turkish National Assembly. In 1922, he escaped to Europe and died in Nice, in 1923.

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