1821 - 1868

 

1821

:

The Greek revolt and war of independence: the first step in the formation of new nation-states by the former Christian subjects of the Ottoman Empire.

1826

:

Massacre of the Janissaries by Mahmud II.

1827

:

Greece's European allies help defeat and destory the combined Ottoman-Egyptian fleet.

1828

:

Fez introduced, along with judicial, military and administrative reforms on more western models.

1830

:

Greek independence.

1838

:

Anglo-Turkish Trade Treaty marks the incorporation of the Ottoman internal market into world economy.

1839

:

Noble Rescript' promulgated, a liberal charter of reform. All creeds and declared equal.

1853-1856

:

Crimean war pits Turkish, English and French troops against Russia.

1861-1865

:

American Civil War.

1864

:

The signing of the Protocol of Istanbul. It marks the birth of Romania with the unification of Wallachia and Moldavia.

1867

:

Abdulaziz visits Europe on the invitation of Napoleon III.

1868

:

Meiji Restoration in Japan.


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