1528

Szapolyai, king of Hungary, accepts Ottoman overlordship.

1529

The first siege of Vienna by the Ottomans, who are, however, unprepared for a long and all-out effort.

1533

The great Eastern expedition led by the Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasa.

1533-1534

Hayrettin Pasha (Barbarossa), the Ottoman Grand Admiral, annexes Algeria and Tunisia.

1534-1535

Suleyman the Magnificent's expedition into Iran and Iraq.

1538

The naval battle of Preveza off the Adriatic coast. Barbarossa defeats a much larger allied fleet commanded by the great Genoese admiral Andrea Doria.

1555

The first coffeehouse opens at Tahtakale in Istanbul.

1566

Suleyman the Magnificient dies on his last expedition to the fort of Szigetvar on the Hungarian border, leaving Istanbul as Europe's biggest city (1/2m inhabitants). Selim II ascends the throne.

1569

The great fire of Istanbul.

1571

At Lepanto (off the Morean coast), the last great naval battle between galleys takes place. The Allied fleet led by Don Juan of Austria defeats and destroys most of the Ottoman fleet expect one squadron commanded by Kilic Ali Pasa. This, however, cannot prevent the capturen of Venetian-held Cyprus.

1588

The death of Mimar Sinan, the master architect of the 16th century.